• During 2024–25, ICAR-IIOR developed a total of seven technologies in sunflower and castor. In sunflower, three technologies were developed — one related to production and two related to protection. In castor, four technologies were developed, all focused on production.
• During 2023–24, six production technologies were developed in safflower. In linseed, a total of sixteen technologies were developed, including ten for production, four for protection, and two for value addition.

a. Castor 
Technologies Developed (2024-25)

• Under rainfed conditions of Bengaluru, seed treatment with PSB (Bacillus megatherium) 25 g/kg along with RDF (40:40:20kg N:P₂O₅:K₂O/ha) resulted in higher seed yield (1263 kg/ha), net returns (Rs 65150/ha) with high profitability (B:C ratio 4.8).
• Under irrigated conditions of Mandor, Rajasthan application of 25 kg/ha ZnSO₄ as soil application at the time of sowing + Foliar spray of 0.5% FeSO₄ at 45 DAS along with RDF (80-40-0 kg N:P₂O₅:K₂O/ha) resulted in higher seed yield of castor (3375 kg/ha) net returns (Rs 150954/ha) with high  profitability (B:C ratio 4.6).
• In North Gujarat, Relay intercropping of castor + green gram (1:2) under conservation agricultural practice with crop residue incorporation resulted in higher castor equivalent yield (3335 kg/ha) lower cost of cultivation, higher net returns (Rs 65449/ha) and higher profitability (B:C ratio 3.0)
• Adopting intercropping of castor + redgram (1:1) under the background of conservation tillage resulted in higher castor equivalent yield (1489 kg/ha), net returns (Rs. 60374/ha) and B:C ratio (3.32) under rainfed conditions.

b. Safflower
Technologies Developed (2024-25)

• Best management practices (soil moisture conservation measures, RDF, Azotobacter/Azosprillum, PSB, Trichoderma, deficient micronutrient) in greengram/ soybean/ blackgram-safflower enhanced the system productivity (24-41%).
• Application of 100% RDN + nano urea spray at flowering and seed filling stages is recommended.
• Pre-emergence spray of Metribuzin @ 175 g/ha + hand weeding and hoeing at 20 DAS is recommended.
• Broad Bed and furrow (2.2 + 0.3 m) with zero tilled safflower; 7 rows of soybean/BBF x RDF (P through SSP) + Rhizobium; 4 rows of safflower/ BBF x 100 % RDF+ Azospririllum + PSB in soybean-safflower cropping system is recommended.
• Compartmental bunding (10 x 10 m) with zero tilled safflower; Blackgram: 30 x 10 cm spacing with 100% RDF (P through SSP); Safflower: Paired row planting at 60:30:30 cm spacing x 50% RDF + Azospririllum + PSB in blackgram-safflower cropping system is recommended.
• Flat bed with zero tilled safflower; Rice: 22.5 x 40 cm spacing x 100% RDF (P through SSP); Safflower: 45 x 20 cm spacing x 100% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB in rice-safflower cropping system is recommended.

c. Sunflower 
Technologies Developed (2024-25)

• For paddy fallows in Telangana region, conventional tillage is recommended to get higher seed yield compared to reduced tillage. Hybrids, DRSH-1 and KBSH-44 with a fertilizer application of 150% RDF results in to higher seed yield (850-950 kg/ha).  
• Seed treatment with Fluxapyroxad FS @ 1.5 g/kg seed followed by foliar sprays with spraying two times with Azoxystrobin 18.2% + Difenconazole 11.4% SC @1ml /lit, first spray at the onset of incidence or 45 days after sowing and second spray 15 days after 1st spray found best for management of powdery mildew disease on sunflower.
• Seed treatment with Thiamethoxam 30 FS @10 ml/kg and foliar sprays of [Diafenthiuron 47%+bifenthrin 9.4 SC] @ 625 ml/ha effectively reduced the sucking pests, leafhoppers (by 62-85%), thrips (by 60-88%) and whiteflies (62-82%) and increased seed yield by 29-32% over control (Akola, Latur, Bengaluru, Raichur and ICAR-IIOR).

d. Linseed 
Technologies Developed (2024-25)

• Monitoring of linseed bud fly (Dasyneura lini Barnes) should be carried out using yellow sticky traps (30 × 21 cm²). These traps can be prepared by laminating yellow-coloured paper and coating the surface with petroleum jelly to enhance insect adhesion. Regular deployment of such traps in linseed fields is recommended to facilitate early detection and effective management of bud fly populations.
• Two applications of Profenofos 50EC @ 2.0 ml per litre of water at the blooming stage of the linseed crop resulted highest Incremental Benefit-Cost Ratio (IBCR) (41.58), indicating its superior economic efficiency despite providing comparatively lower thrips control. Therefore, Profenofos 50EC @ 2.00 ml/litre is recommended as the most profitable option for managing thrips in linseed cultivation.
• Two applications of Profenofos 50EC @ 2.00 ml per litre of water proved to be the most effective, achieving a 92.82% reduction in capsule borer (Helicoverpa armigera Hübner) population compared to other insecticides. Profenofos 50EC achieved the highest Incremental Benefit-Cost Ratio (IBCR) of 41.58, indicating its superior cost-effectiveness for capsule borer management. Therefore, Profenofos 50EC @ 2.00 ml/litre of water is recommended as the most effective and economically efficient treatment for managing capsule borer in linseed.
• For fortification of omega-3 fatty acids in linseed-based premix cakes, incorporation of up to 10% is recommended to enhance nutritional attributes without compromising sensory acceptability. Omega-3 fortified cakes exhibited stability for up to 10 days at room temperature, while the linseed-based premix remained stable for 6 months at room temperature, as confirmed through fatty acid profiling, functional analysis, and oxidative stability assessments.